The best action games like Double Dragon are Streets of Rage 2, Final Fight and Castle Crashers. Below are 6, each with the reason it is here — and, at the end, what filtering to action costs you.
Filtering to action means you want the fighting to carry the game rather than the story or the map. It is the right filter when what you actually miss is how something felt in your hands.
What you get: Combat you get better at. Action games put their design budget into the moment-to-moment, so the thing you are doing in minute two is the thing you are still doing in hour twenty, only better.
What made Double Dragon worth playing in the first place is covered on the full list. This page is the action part of that answer, and only the action part.
The genre's high point, and by some distance.
Capcom's answer, and the other template everyone copies.
Four players, fantasy, and very easy to get people into.
Fantasy brawling with a magic meter and creatures to ride.
The deepest brawler ever made, and the best-looking.
One against many, taken seriously and made lethal.
Pacing and world. Action games rarely have the quiet stretches or the writing that the adventure and RPG picks bring, and a few of them are shorter than they look.
Specifically, these are strong answers for Double Dragon that are not action games, so they are not on this page:
The full list is on games like Double Dragon — 12 picks, no genre filter.
Streets of Rage 2. The genre's high point, and by some distance.
No. Double Dragon released on the Nintendo Entertainment System, but a recommendation is only useful if you can play it, so the picks above span platforms and eras. What they share is the genre and the reason.
A small set of verbs and a game that keeps finding new questions to ask of them. The weak ones add buttons instead; the strong ones make you better at the ones you already have.
No, and difficulty is a poor proxy for depth. Some of the hardest action games have very few decisions in them, and some of the deepest have a difficulty setting that lets you meet them halfway.
By hand. Each pick was written for the full Double Dragon list first, on what the game actually does, and this page is the part of that list that is action — never a genre tag lookup, which is how "best racing games like Super Mario 64" used to be a page on this site.
Or read the action guide for where to start in the genre generally.