The best platformer games like Super Mario 64 are Super Mario Odyssey, Super Mario Galaxy and Banjo-Kazooie. Below are 9, each with the reason it is here — and, at the end, what filtering to platformer costs you.
Filtering to platformer means you want the movement itself to be the pleasure. It is the right filter when the thing you liked was getting from one place to another.
What you get: A game you can judge in ten seconds. Platformers live or die on the jump, and a good one feels right before anything else happens.
What made Super Mario 64 worth playing in the first place is covered on the full list. This page is the platformer part of that answer, and only the platformer part.
The direct descendant, and the moveset is even deeper.
The best-designed 3D Mario, if you can live with less freedom.
Rare's answer, built on the same engine ideas and denser with things to find.
The best modern game built on the Mario 64 template.
The PlayStation take, gentler and with better worlds than it gets credit for.
Hub-and-levels platforming where every level is a different idea.
The current best-feeling 3D platformer, full stop.
Seamless open platforming, no loading between areas.
A small indie game about movement that captures the N64 feel exactly.
Weight. Platformers rarely carry a story you will think about afterwards, and the collectible-led ones can become checklists if you let them.
The full list is on games like Super Mario 64 — 9 picks, no genre filter.
Super Mario Odyssey. The direct descendant, and the moveset is even deeper.
No. Super Mario 64 released on the Nintendo 64, but a recommendation is only useful if you can play it, so the picks above span platforms and eras. What they share is the genre and the reason.
Whether the move set is complete early. The great ones give you everything in the first level and spend the rest asking better questions of it; the weak ones drip-feed abilities to disguise thin level design.
Different games. 2D platformers are about precision on a single screen; 3D ones are about reading space and camera. Each pick below says which it is.
By hand. Each pick was written for the full Super Mario 64 list first, on what the game actually does, and this page is the part of that list that is platformer — never a genre tag lookup, which is how "best racing games like Super Mario 64" used to be a page on this site.
Or read the platformer guide for where to start in the genre generally.