The best arcade games like Virtua Cop are Time Crisis, House of the Dead: Remake and Virtua Cop 2. Below are 9, each with the reason it is here — and, at the end, what filtering to arcade costs you.
Filtering to arcade means you want short runs and a score, not a campaign. It is the right filter when what you liked was the one-more-go feeling.
What you get: A complete experience in twenty minutes, and a skill you keep. Arcade design is measured in the moment after you lose.
What made Virtua Cop worth playing in the first place is covered on the full list. This page is the arcade part of that answer, and only the arcade part.
The other arcade pillar, and the pedal changes the whole genre.
The spectacle end, rebuilt for modern hardware.
More of the same with branching routes and better weapons.
If you have VR, this is where the genre went.
A modern rail shooter designed for a controller.
Nintendo's target shooting, deeper than it looks.
Where pointing at a screen started.
Aiming and moving as separate jobs, by Treasure.
The direct descendant of the hunting-gallery idea.
Story and progression. Arcade games repeat on purpose, and if you want to be pulled somewhere they will not do it.
The full list is on games like Virtua Cop — 9 picks, no genre filter.
Time Crisis. The other arcade pillar, and the pedal changes the whole genre.
No. Virtua Cop released on the Sega Saturn, but a recommendation is only useful if you can play it, so the picks above span platforms and eras. What they share is the genre and the reason.
They were designed to end. A machine that let you play for an hour on one coin did not earn its floor space, so difficulty was the business model.
Constantly, mostly by small teams. Several of the best beat-em-ups and run-and-guns of the last decade are new games built on forty-year-old design rules.
By hand. Each pick was written for the full Virtua Cop list first, on what the game actually does, and this page is the part of that list that is arcade — never a genre tag lookup, which is how "best racing games like Super Mario 64" used to be a page on this site.
Or read the arcade guide for where to start in the genre generally.