The best platformer games like Metroid are Super Metroid, Metroid Dread and Castlevania Symphony of the Night. Below are 8, each with the reason it is here — and, at the end, what filtering to platformer costs you.
Filtering to platformer means you want the movement itself to be the pleasure. It is the right filter when the thing you liked was getting from one place to another.
What you get: A game you can judge in ten seconds. Platformers live or die on the jump, and a good one feels right before anything else happens.
What made Metroid worth playing in the first place is covered on the full list. This page is the platformer part of that answer, and only the platformer part.
The one to play instead, and arguably the best-designed game on the SNES.
The modern 2D entry, and it plays better than any of them.
The other half of the genre's name, and where the RPG layer came from.
The modern benchmark, and it withholds the map in the same deliberate way.
The most faithful modern take on Metroid specifically, glitches and all.
A small, hard, very well-built indie Metroid with a real secret underneath it.
The same structure, far kinder, and beautiful with it.
NES exploration with a vehicle you leave behind to get into the small places.
Weight. Platformers rarely carry a story you will think about afterwards, and the collectible-led ones can become checklists if you let them.
Specifically, these are strong answers for Metroid that are not platformer games, so they are not on this page:
The full list is on games like Metroid — 10 picks, no genre filter.
Super Metroid. The one to play instead, and arguably the best-designed game on the SNES.
No. Metroid released on the Nintendo Entertainment System, but a recommendation is only useful if you can play it, so the picks above span platforms and eras. What they share is the genre and the reason.
Whether the move set is complete early. The great ones give you everything in the first level and spend the rest asking better questions of it; the weak ones drip-feed abilities to disguise thin level design.
Different games. 2D platformers are about precision on a single screen; 3D ones are about reading space and camera. Each pick below says which it is.
By hand. Each pick was written for the full Metroid list first, on what the game actually does, and this page is the part of that list that is platformer — never a genre tag lookup, which is how "best racing games like Super Mario 64" used to be a page on this site.
Or read the platformer guide for where to start in the genre generally.