The best rpg games like Morrowind are Gothic II, Kingdom Come: Deliverance and Outward. Below are 9, each with the reason it is here — and, at the end, what filtering to rpg costs you.
Filtering to RPG means you want progression — a character to build or a party to grow — layered on top of whatever else you liked.
What you get: A reason to keep going after the novelty wears off. RPGs are the genre that reliably converts hours into feeling more capable.
What made Morrowind worth playing in the first place is covered on the full list. This page is the rpg part of that answer, and only the rpg part.
The other great unfriendly RPG of that era, and its world is just as unwilling to explain itself.
Navigation by landmark and a world that refuses to be convenient.
No quest markers, real travel, and survival pressure on every journey.
For the exploration-without-guidance, at a much larger scale.
The direct sequel, if you want the systems with a friendlier world.
Systemic freedom and genuinely open quest solutions.
A total conversion built on Skyrim that deliberately restores Morrowind's opacity.
Where a lot of Morrowind's simulation ideas came from in the first place.
A small modern game openly modelled on Morrowind's fungal weirdness.
Immediacy. Almost every RPG asks for a slow first few hours, and the systems that make hour forty good are the same ones that make hour one a menu.
The full list is on games like Morrowind — 9 picks, no genre filter.
Gothic II. The other great unfriendly RPG of that era, and its world is just as unwilling to explain itself.
No. Morrowind released on the Microsoft Xbox, but a recommendation is only useful if you can play it, so the picks above span platforms and eras. What they share is the genre and the reason.
Whether the stats are the point. In an RPG the build decides what you can do; in an action game with stats the build only decides how fast you do it.
No. The picks below span turn-based, real-time and action RPGs, and each one says which it is.
By hand. Each pick was written for the full Morrowind list first, on what the game actually does, and this page is the part of that list that is rpg — never a genre tag lookup, which is how "best racing games like Super Mario 64" used to be a page on this site.
Or read the rpg guide for where to start in the genre generally.